模擬 PHP 的 getopt()

Aug. 16, 2008 / All（全部）, Digitalk, 我寫(改)的程式 / Author: 可愛柚爸

PHP 的 getopt() 可以抓取命令列的參數，但是很不幸的，目前的 PHP 5.2.6 還沒有完整支援 getopt() 的所有功能，比如說 long options 就不支援，要等到 PHP 5.3.0 才有完整的支援。但是我最近寫程式的時候要用到這種功能，又等不及 5.3.0，就只好自己寫了一個 _getopt() 來代替。

PHP 的 getopt() 參數用法可以參考他們的網頁 http://us.php.net/manual/en/function.getopt.php ，基本上我是完全模擬，所以所有參數值和使用方法都和該網頁所寫的一模一樣，這樣以後如果有必要轉換到 5.3.0 的 getopt() 的話，也比較不痛。

實際上 _getopt() 不但完全相容於 getopt()，還多了一個功能，就是可以選擇使用自己的參數列，而不使用命令列的參數，詳情請見程式碼裡的註解。

為了 _getopt()，我另外還寫了一個 split_para() 來分解參數列，請一併享用。

function _getopt ( ) {

/* _getopt(): Ver. 1.3      2009/05/30
   My page: http://www.ntu.beautifulworldco.com/weblog/?p=526

Usage: _getopt ( [$flag,] $short_option [, $long_option] );

Note that another function split_para() is required, which can be found in the same
page.

_getopt() fully simulates getopt() which is described at
http://us.php.net/manual/en/function.getopt.php , including long options for PHP
version under 5.3.0. (Prior to 5.3.0, long options was only available on few systems)

Besides legacy usage of getopt(), I also added a new option to manipulate your own
argument lists instead of those from command lines. This new option can be a string
or an array such as 

$flag = "-f value_f -ab --required 9 --optional=PK --option -v test -k";
or
$flag = array ( "-f", "value_f", "-ab", "--required", "9", "--optional=PK", "--option" );

So there are four ways to work with _getopt(),

1. _getopt ( $short_option );

  it's a legacy usage, same as getopt ( $short_option ).

2. _getopt ( $short_option, $long_option );

  it's a legacy usage, same as getopt ( $short_option, $long_option ).

3. _getopt ( $flag, $short_option );

  use your own argument lists instead of command line arguments.

4. _getopt ( $flag, $short_option, $long_option );

  use your own argument lists instead of command line arguments.

*/

  if ( func_num_args() == 1 ) {
     $flag =  $flag_array = $GLOBALS['argv'];
     $short_option = func_get_arg ( 0 );
     $long_option = array ();
  } else if ( func_num_args() == 2 ) {
     if ( is_array ( func_get_arg ( 1 ) ) ) {
        $flag = $GLOBALS['argv'];
        $short_option = func_get_arg ( 0 );
        $long_option = func_get_arg ( 1 );
     } else {
        $flag = func_get_arg ( 0 );
        $short_option = func_get_arg ( 1 );
        $long_option = array ();
     }
  } else if ( func_num_args() == 3 ) {
     $flag = func_get_arg ( 0 );
     $short_option = func_get_arg ( 1 );
     $long_option = func_get_arg ( 2 );
  } else {
     exit ( "wrong options\n" );
  }

  $short_option = trim ( $short_option );

  $short_no_value = array();
  $short_required_value = array();
  $short_optional_value = array();
  $long_no_value = array();
  $long_required_value = array();
  $long_optional_value = array();
  $options = array();

  for ( $i = 0; $i < strlen ( $short_option ); ) {
     if ( $short_option{$i} != ":" ) {
        if ( $i == strlen ( $short_option ) - 1 ) {
          $short_no_value[] = $short_option{$i};
          break;
        } else if ( $short_option{$i+1} != ":" ) {
          $short_no_value[] = $short_option{$i};
          $i++;
          continue;
        } else if ( $short_option{$i+1} == ":" && $short_option{$i+2} != ":" ) {
          $short_required_value[] = $short_option{$i};
          $i += 2;
          continue;
        } else if ( $short_option{$i+1} == ":" && $short_option{$i+2} == ":" ) {
          $short_optional_value[] = $short_option{$i};
          $i += 3;
          continue;
        }
     } else {
        continue;
     }
  }

  foreach ( $long_option as $a ) {
     if ( substr( $a, -2 ) == "::" ) {
        $long_optional_value[] = substr( $a, 0, -2);
        continue;
     } else if ( substr( $a, -1 ) == ":" ) {
        $long_required_value[] = substr( $a, 0, -1 );
        continue;
     } else {
        $long_no_value[] = $a;
        continue;
     }
  }

  if ( is_array ( $flag ) )
     $flag_array = $flag;
  else {
     $flag = "- $flag";
     $flag_array = split_para( $flag );
  }

  for ( $i = 0; $i < count( $flag_array ); ) {

     if ( $i >= count ( $flag_array ) )
        break;

     if ( ! $flag_array[$i] || $flag_array[$i] == "-" ) {
        $i++;
        continue;
     }

     if ( $flag_array[$i]{0} != "-" ) {
        $i++;
        continue;

     }

     if ( substr( $flag_array[$i], 0, 2 ) == "--" ) {

        if (strpos($flag_array[$i], '=') != false) {
          list($key, $value) = explode('=', substr($flag_array[$i], 2), 2);
          if ( in_array ( $key, $long_required_value ) || in_array ( $key, $long_optional_value ) )
             $options[$key][] = $value;
          $i++;
          continue;
        }

        if (strpos($flag_array[$i], '=') == false) {
          $key = substr( $flag_array[$i], 2 );
          if ( in_array( substr( $flag_array[$i], 2 ), $long_required_value ) ) {
             $options[$key][] = $flag_array[$i+1];
             $i += 2;
             continue;
          } else if ( in_array( substr( $flag_array[$i], 2 ), $long_optional_value ) ) {
             if ( $flag_array[$i+1] != "" && $flag_array[$i+1]{0} != "-" ) {
                $options[$key][] = $flag_array[$i+1];
                $i += 2;
             } else {
                $options[$key][] = FALSE;
                $i ++;
             }
             continue;
          } else if ( in_array( substr( $flag_array[$i], 2 ), $long_no_value ) ) {
             $options[$key][] = FALSE;
             $i++;
             continue;
          } else {
             $i++;
             continue;
          }
        }

     } else if ( $flag_array[$i]{0} == "-" && $flag_array[$i]{1} != "-" ) {

        for ( $j=1; $j < strlen($flag_array[$i]); $j++ ) {
          if ( in_array( $flag_array[$i]{$j}, $short_required_value ) || in_array( $flag_array[$i]{$j}, $short_optional_value )) {

             if ( $j == strlen($flag_array[$i]) - 1  ) {
                if ( in_array( $flag_array[$i]{$j}, $short_required_value ) ) {
                  $options[$flag_array[$i]{$j}][] = $flag_array[$i+1];
                  $i += 2;
                } else if ( in_array( $flag_array[$i]{$j}, $short_optional_value ) && $flag_array[$i+1] != "" && $flag_array[$i+1]{0} != "-" ) {
                  $options[$flag_array[$i]{$j}][] = $flag_array[$i+1];
                  $i += 2;
                } else {
                  $options[$flag_array[$i]{$j}][] = FALSE;
                  $i ++;
                }
                $plus_i = 0;
                break;
             } else {
                $options[$flag_array[$i]{$j}][] = substr ( $flag_array[$i], $j + 1 );
                $i ++;
                $plus_i = 0;
                break;
             }

          } else if ( in_array ( $flag_array[$i]{$j}, $short_no_value ) ) {

             $options[$flag_array[$i]{$j}][] = FALSE;
             $plus_i = 1;
             continue;

          } else {
             $plus_i = 1;
             break;
          }
        }

        $i += $plus_i;
        continue;

     }

     $i++;
     continue;
  }

  foreach ( $options as $key => $value ) {
     if ( count ( $value ) == 1 ) {
        $options[ $key ] = $value[0];

     }

  }

  return $options;

}

function split_para ( $pattern ) {

/* split_para() version 1.0      2008/08/19
   My page: http://www.ntu.beautifulworldco.com/weblog/?p=526

This function is to parse parameters and split them into smaller pieces.
preg_split() does similar thing but in our function, besides "space", we
also take the three symbols " (double quote), '(single quote),
and \ (backslash) into consideration because things in a pair of " or '
should be grouped together.

As an example, this parameter list

-f "test 2" -ab --required "t\"est 1" --optional="te'st 3" --option -v 'test 4'

will be splited into

-f
t"est 2
-ab
--required
test 1
--optional=te'st 3
--option
-v
test 4

see the code below,

$pattern = "-f \"test 2\" -ab --required \"t\\\"est 1\" --optional=\"te'st 3\" --option -v 'test 4'";

$result = split_para( $pattern );

echo "ORIGINAL PATTERN: $pattern\n\n";

var_dump( $result );

*/

  $begin=0;
  $backslash = 0;
  $quote = "";
  $quote_mark = array();
  $result = array();

  $pattern = trim ( $pattern );

  for ( $end = 0; $end < strlen ( $pattern ) ; ) {

     if ( ! in_array ( $pattern{$end}, array ( " ", "\"", "'", "\\" ) ) ) {
        $backslash = 0;
        $end ++;
        continue;
     }

     if ( $pattern{$end} == "\\" ) {
        $backslash++;
        $end ++;
        continue;
     } else if ( $pattern{$end} == "\"" ) {
        if ( $backslash % 2 == 1 || $quote == "'" ) {
          $backslash = 0;
          $end ++;
          continue;
        }

        if ( $quote == "" ) {
          $quote_mark[] = $end - $begin;
          $quote = "\"";
        } else if ( $quote == "\"" ) {
          $quote_mark[] = $end - $begin;
          $quote = "";
        }

        $backslash = 0;
        $end ++;
        continue;
     } else if ( $pattern{$end} == "'" ) {
        if ( $backslash % 2 == 1 || $quote == "\"" ) {
          $backslash = 0;
          $end ++;
          continue;
        }

        if ( $quote == "" ) {
          $quote_mark[] = $end - $begin;
          $quote = "'";
        } else if ( $quote == "'" ) {
          $quote_mark[] = $end - $begin;
          $quote = "";
        }

        $backslash = 0;
        $end ++;
        continue;
     } else if ( $pattern{$end} == " " ) {
        if ( $quote != "" ) {
          $backslash = 0;
          $end ++;
          continue;
        } else {
          $backslash = 0;
          $cand = substr( $pattern, $begin, $end-$begin );
          for ( $j = 0; $j < strlen ( $cand ); $j ++ ) {
             if ( in_array ( $j, $quote_mark ) )
                continue;

             $cand1 .= $cand{$j};
          }
          if ( $cand1 ) {
             eval( "\$cand1 = \"$cand1\";" );
             $result[] = $cand1;
          }
          $quote_mark = array();
          $cand1 = "";
          $end ++;
          $begin = $end;
          continue;
       }
     }
  }

  $cand = substr( $pattern, $begin, $end-$begin );
  for ( $j = 0; $j < strlen ( $cand ); $j ++ ) {
     if ( in_array ( $j, $quote_mark ) )
        continue;

     $cand1 .= $cand{$j};
  }

  eval( "\$cand1 = \"$cand1\";" );

  if ( $cand1 )
     $result[] = $cand1;

  return $result;
}